读取响应头和状态码
用 start_responses() 拦截后,通过 req.response_status 和 req.response_headers 直接读取。
拦截响应是抓包采集和接口数据提取的核心能力。在 responseStarted 阶段,响应头已到达但 body 尚未传输,你可以读取状态码和响应头、修改它们,还能配合 collect_response=True 一步读取完整响应体。
用 start_responses() 拦截后,通过 req.response_status 和 req.response_headers 直接读取。
用 continue_response(status_code=..., headers=...) 修改状态码、响应头后放行。
加上 collect_response=True,放行后通过 req.response_body 一步读取完整响应内容。
用 start_requests(handler, collect_response=True) 在请求阶段拦截,同时拿到 req.body 和 req.response_body。
| 对比项 | 拦截响应(intercept) | 被动监听(events/listen) |
|---|---|---|
| 是否阻塞 | 是,必须 continue_response() 放行 | 否,只观察不干预 |
| 能否修改 | 可以改状态码、响应头 | 只读,不能修改 |
| 响应体读取 | collect_response=True 自动采集 | 需手动配合 DataCollector |
| 适合场景 | 抓包采集、响应改写、接口测试 | 链路审计、请求统计 |
from ruyipage import FirefoxPage
page = FirefoxPage()
page.get("about:blank")
def response_handler(req):
"""responseStarted 阶段:响应头已到达。"""
print(f"URL: {req.url}")
print(f"状态码: {req.response_status}") # 如 200
print(f"响应头: {req.response_headers}") # dict 格式
print(f"是响应阶段: {req.is_response_phase}") # True
req.continue_response() # 必须放行
# start_responses 是 start(phases=["responseStarted"]) 的快捷方式
page.intercept.start_responses(response_handler)
page.run_js(
'fetch("https://httpbin.org/get").catch(()=>null); return true;',
as_expr=False
)
page.wait(2)
page.intercept.stop()
page.quit()from ruyipage import FirefoxPage
page = FirefoxPage()
page.get("about:blank")
def modify_response(req):
if "/api/data" in req.url:
# 修改状态码和响应头后放行
req.continue_response(
status_code=299,
reason_phrase="RuyiModified",
headers={"X-Modified-By": "RuyiPage"}
)
print(f"已修改: {req.url} -> 299")
else:
req.continue_response() # 其他响应原样放行
page.intercept.start_responses(modify_response)
# 验证修改效果
result = page.run_js("""
return fetch("https://httpbin.org/get")
.then(r => r.status + ":" + r.statusText)
""", as_expr=False)
print(f"浏览器看到的状态: {result}")
page.intercept.stop()
page.quit()这是最常用的场景:在响应阶段拦截,读取状态码和 Content-Type,然后通过 req.response_body 获取完整响应体。
关键参数是 collect_response=True,它会自动创建 DataCollector,在 continue_response() 放行后等待 body 传输完成并自动解码。
from ruyipage import FirefoxPage
import json
page = FirefoxPage()
page.get("about:blank")
captured = []
def capture_response(req):
"""在响应阶段拦截,读状态码 + 自动采集响应体。"""
print(f"\n[响应] {req.url}")
print(f" 状态码: {req.response_status}")
print(f" Content-Type: {req.response_headers.get('Content-Type', '未知')}")
# 先放行响应(必须先放行才能读 body)
req.continue_response()
# response_body 自动等待 body 传输完成并解码
body = req.response_body
if body:
print(f" 响应体长度: {len(body)} 字符")
print(f" 预览: {body[:200]}")
captured.append({
"url": req.url,
"status": req.response_status,
"body": body
})
# collect_response=True 是关键
page.intercept.start_responses(capture_response, collect_response=True)
page.get("https://httpbin.org/get", wait="none")
page.wait(5)
page.intercept.stop()
# 查看采集结果
print(f"\n共采集到 {len(captured)} 个响应")
for item in captured:
print(f" {item['status']} {item['url']}")
try:
data = json.loads(item["body"])
print(f" JSON keys: {list(data.keys())}")
except Exception:
pass
page.quit()from ruyipage import FirefoxPage
page = FirefoxPage()
page.get("about:blank")
# 队列模式:handler=None
page.intercept.start(
handler=None,
phases=["responseStarted"],
collect_response=True
)
# 触发请求
page.run_js(
'fetch("https://httpbin.org/get").catch(()=>null); return true;',
as_expr=False
)
# 手动取出并处理
req = page.intercept.wait(timeout=5)
if req:
print(f"状态码: {req.response_status}")
print(f"Content-Type: {req.response_headers.get('Content-Type')}")
req.continue_response() # 放行
body = req.response_body
print(f"响应体: {body[:300]}")
page.intercept.stop()
page.quit()实际抓包场景中,往往需要同时拿到请求体(POST payload)和响应体(接口返回数据)。
方法是用 start_requests(handler, collect_response=True) 在请求阶段拦截:req.body 拿请求体,放行后 req.response_body 拿响应体。
from ruyipage import FirefoxPage, InterceptedRequest
page = FirefoxPage()
page.get("about:blank")
results = []
def full_capture(req: InterceptedRequest):
"""请求阶段拦截:先读请求体,放行后再读响应体。"""
if "/api/" not in req.url and "httpbin" not in req.url:
req.continue_request()
return
# 1. 读取请求信息
print(f"\n[请求] {req.method} {req.url}")
print(f" 请求头: {req.headers}")
if req.body:
print(f" 请求体: {req.body[:300]}")
# 2. 放行请求
req.continue_request()
# 3. 自动等待并读取响应体
resp_body = req.response_body
print(f" 响应体: {resp_body[:300] if resp_body else '(空)'}")
results.append({
"method": req.method,
"url": req.url,
"request_body": req.body,
"response_body": resp_body,
})
# beforeRequestSent 阶段 + 自动采集响应体
page.intercept.start_requests(full_capture, collect_response=True)
# 触发 POST 请求
page.run_js("""
fetch("https://httpbin.org/post", {
method: "POST",
headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json"},
body: JSON.stringify({keyword: "ruyipage", page: 1})
}).catch(() => null);
return true;
""", as_expr=False)
page.wait(3)
page.intercept.stop()
print(f"\n共捕获 {len(results)} 个请求")
for r in results:
print(f" {r['method']} {r['url']}")
if r["request_body"]:
print(f" 请求体: {r['request_body'][:100]}")
if r["response_body"]:
print(f" 响应体: {r['response_body'][:100]}")
page.quit()| 属性 | 类型 | 说明 | 可用条件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| req.response_status | int | HTTP 状态码(如 200、404、500) | responseStarted 阶段 |
| req.response_headers | dict | 响应头字典(自动转为 key-value 格式) | responseStarted 阶段 |
| req.is_response_phase | bool | 是否处于响应阶段 | responseStarted 阶段 |
| req.response_body | str | None | 完整响应体(自动解码) | 需要 collect_response=True |
| req.request_id | str | 请求唯一标识,关联请求与响应 | 所有阶段 |
| req.url | str | 请求的 URL(响应阶段也可读取原始请求 URL) | 所有阶段 |
page.intercept.start_responses(handler=None, url_patterns=None, collect_response=True)拦截 responseStarted 阶段。默认自动采集响应体。
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| handler | 回调函数或 None(队列模式)。 |
| url_patterns | 可选,URL 匹配模式。 |
| collect_response | 默认 True,自动创建 DataCollector 采集响应体。 |
req.continue_response(headers=None, status_code=None, reason_phrase=None)放行响应,可选修改响应头、状态码和原因短语。
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| headers | 可选,替换响应头(dict 格式自动转换)。 |
| status_code | 可选,替换 HTTP 状态码。 |
| reason_phrase | 可选,替换原因短语(如 'OK'、'Not Found')。 |
req.response_body读取完整响应体。自动等待传输完成并解码,需要 collect_response=True。
展示 intercept 与 events 组合后的完整网络控制能力。
源码文件:app/content/ruyipage_examples/18_advanced_network.py · 仓库:18_advanced_network.py
# =============================
# RuyiPage 示例注释版
# 标题: 高级网络功能:请求/响应拦截、mock、阻止、fetchError
# 说明: 展示 intercept 与 events 组合后的完整网络控制能力。
# 你会学到:
# 1. 在 beforeRequestSent 阶段继续请求
# 2. 修改请求头
# 3. mock JSON 响应
# 4. 阻止请求
# 5. 在 responseStarted 阶段修改响应状态
# 相关 API: page.intercept.start_requests, page.intercept.start_responses, req.continue_request, req.mock, req.fail, req.continue_response, page.events.start, page.events.wait
# =============================
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""示例18: 高级网络功能(完整场景)
覆盖:
1) beforeRequestSent 拦截 + 继续请求
2) 修改请求头
3) mock 响应
4) 阻止请求
5) responseStarted 阶段修改响应状态
6) 队列模式 wait() 手动处理
7) fetchError 事件监听
"""
import io
import os
import sys
if sys.platform == "win32":
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding="utf-8")
sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stderr.buffer, encoding="utf-8")
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(__file__))
from ruyipage import FirefoxOptions, FirefoxPage
from ruyipage._functions.tools import find_free_port
from test_server import TestServer
def test_advanced_network():
print("=" * 60)
print("测试18: 高级网络功能")
print("=" * 60)
server = TestServer(port=find_free_port(8889, 8989))
server.start()
opts = FirefoxOptions()
opts.headless(False)
page = FirefoxPage(opts)
fetch_error_list = []
try:
page.get("about:blank")
page.wait(0.6)
# 1) 请求拦截
print("\n1. beforeRequestSent 拦截 + 继续请求:")
intercepted = []
def req_handler(req):
if "/api/data" in req.url:
intercepted.append(req.url)
print(f" 拦截到请求: {req.method} {req.url}")
req.continue_request()
page.intercept.start_requests(req_handler)
data = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(r => r.json()).then(d => d.status).catch(e => String(e));
""",
server.get_url("/api/data"),
as_expr=False,
)
page.wait(0.5)
print(f" 请求结果: {data}")
print(f" 拦截计数: {len(intercepted)}")
page.intercept.stop()
# 2) 修改请求头
print("\n2. 修改请求头:")
def header_handler(req):
if "/api/headers" in req.url:
req.continue_request(
headers=[
{
"name": "X-Ruyi-Demo",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "yes"},
},
{
"name": "User-Agent",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "RuyiPage/Example18"},
},
]
)
print(" ✓ 已注入请求头")
else:
req.continue_request()
page.intercept.start_requests(header_handler)
headers = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(r => r.json()).catch(e => ({error:String(e)}));
""",
server.get_url("/api/headers"),
as_expr=False,
)
print(
f" X-Ruyi-Demo: {headers.get('X-Ruyi-Demo') or headers.get('x-ruyi-demo')}"
)
page.intercept.stop()
# 3) mock 响应
print("\n3. mock 响应:")
def mock_handler(req):
if "/api/data" in req.url:
req.mock(
'{"status":"mocked","data":{"message":"这是Mock数据"}}',
status_code=200,
headers=[
{
"name": "content-type",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "application/json"},
},
{
"name": "access-control-allow-origin",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "*"},
},
],
)
print(" ✓ 已返回Mock响应")
else:
req.continue_request()
page.intercept.start_requests(mock_handler)
mock_msg = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(r => r.json()).then(d => d.status + ':' + d.data.message).catch(e => String(e));
""",
server.get_url("/api/data"),
as_expr=False,
)
print(f" Mock结果: {mock_msg}")
page.intercept.stop()
# 4) 阻止请求
print("\n4. 阻止请求:")
def block_handler(req):
if "/api/error" in req.url:
req.fail()
print(" ✓ 请求已阻止")
else:
req.continue_request()
page.intercept.start_requests(block_handler)
blocked = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(() => 'unexpected-success').catch(e => 'blocked:' + e.name);
""",
server.get_url("/api/error"),
as_expr=False,
)
print(f" 阻止结果: {blocked}")
page.intercept.stop()
# 5) 响应阶段修改状态码
print("\n5. responseStarted 阶段修改响应状态码:")
def response_handler(req):
if "/api/data" in req.url:
req.continue_response(status_code=299, reason_phrase="RuyiModified")
print(" ✓ 响应状态码已改为 299")
else:
req.continue_response()
page.intercept.start_responses(response_handler)
modified_status = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(r => r.status + ':' + r.statusText).catch(e => String(e));
""",
server.get_url("/api/data"),
as_expr=False,
)
print(f" 响应状态: {modified_status}")
page.intercept.stop()
# 6) 队列模式
print("\n6. 队列模式 wait() 手动处理:")
page.intercept.start(handler=None, phases=["beforeRequestSent"])
page.run_js(
"""
fetch(arguments[0]).catch(() => null);
return 'sent';
""",
server.get_url("/api/data"),
as_expr=False,
)
queued = page.intercept.wait(timeout=5)
if queued:
print(f" wait捕获: {queued.method} {queued.url}")
queued.continue_request()
else:
print(" ⚠ 未捕获到请求")
page.intercept.stop()
# 7) fetchError 事件监听
print("\n7. fetchError 事件监听:")
page.events.start(["network.fetchError"], contexts=[page.tab_id])
page.events.clear()
page.intercept.start_requests(block_handler)
page.run_js(
"""
fetch(arguments[0]).catch(() => null);
return 'sent';
""",
server.get_url("/api/error"),
as_expr=False,
)
page.wait(1)
page.intercept.stop()
while True:
evt = page.events.wait("network.fetchError", timeout=0.2)
if not evt:
break
fetch_error_list.append(evt)
print(f" fetchError 事件数量: {len(fetch_error_list)}")
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("✓ 所有高级网络功能测试通过!")
print("=" * 60)
except Exception as e:
print(f"\n✗ 测试失败: {e}")
import traceback
traceback.print_exc()
finally:
try:
page.intercept.stop()
except Exception:
pass
try:
page.events.stop()
except Exception:
pass
page.wait(1)
page.quit()
server.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_advanced_network()
用于 scraper 与接口采集场景的抓包示例,重点是先观察请求链路,再决定后续是监听、拦截还是 collector。
通过本地 TestServer 让请求拦截、mock 和 fail 行为可重复验证。
源码文件:app/content/ruyipage_examples/11_network_intercept.py · 仓库:11_network_intercept.py
# =============================
# RuyiPage 示例注释版
# 标题: 网络拦截入门:mock、fail、改请求头、队列模式
# 说明: 通过本地 TestServer 让请求拦截、mock 和 fail 行为可重复验证。
# 你会学到:
# 1. 拦截请求并直接 mock 响应
# 2. 主动 fail 请求
# 3. 修改请求头后继续请求
# 4. 无 handler 队列模式手动处理请求
# 相关 API: page.intercept.start, page.intercept.wait, req.mock, req.fail, req.continue_request, page.run_js
# =============================
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
示例11: 网络拦截(本地可重复版)
测试覆盖:
1) beforeRequestSent + mock 响应
2) beforeRequestSent + fail 请求
3) beforeRequestSent + 修改请求头并继续
4) 无 handler 队列模式 wait()
说明:
- 本示例全部使用本地 TestServer,避免外网波动导致结果不稳定。
- 所有拦截都在当前页面 context 内触发,便于复现与调试。
"""
import io
import os
import sys
if sys.platform == "win32":
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding="utf-8")
sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stderr.buffer, encoding="utf-8")
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(__file__))
from ruyipage import FirefoxOptions, FirefoxPage
from test_server import TestServer
def test_network_intercept():
"""网络拦截演示主流程(适合初学者逐步阅读)。"""
print("=" * 60)
print("测试11: 网络拦截")
print("=" * 60)
server = TestServer(port=8888)
server.start()
opts = FirefoxOptions()
opts.headless(False)
page = FirefoxPage(opts)
try:
# 准备一个干净页面,确保后续 fetch 都在当前 context 内触发。
page.get("about:blank")
page.wait(0.5)
# ==========================================================
# 1) mock 响应
# ==========================================================
print("\n1. 拦截并 Mock 本地 API:")
def mock_handler(req):
if "/api/data" in req.url:
print(f" 拦截到请求: {req.method} {req.url}")
# 注意:mock 需要带上 CORS 头,不然浏览器会把跨域响应拦掉,
# fetch 侧会看到 NetworkError。
req.mock(
'{"status":"ok","data":{"message":"mocked-by-interceptor"}}',
status_code=200,
headers=[
{
"name": "content-type",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "application/json"},
},
{
"name": "access-control-allow-origin",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "*"},
},
],
)
print(" ✓ 已返回 Mock 响应")
else:
# 不处理的请求必须显式继续,否则会一直挂起。
req.continue_request()
page.intercept.start(mock_handler, phases=["beforeRequestSent"])
mocked = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(r => r.json()).then(d => d.data.message).catch(e => String(e));
""",
server.get_url("/api/data"),
as_expr=False,
)
print(f" mock结果: {mocked}")
page.intercept.stop()
# ==========================================================
# 2) fail 请求
# ==========================================================
print("\n2. 阻止本地 API 请求:")
def fail_handler(req):
if "/api/data" in req.url:
print(f" 阻止请求: {req.url}")
req.fail()
else:
req.continue_request()
page.intercept.start(fail_handler, phases=["beforeRequestSent"])
blocked = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(() => 'unexpected-success').catch(e => 'blocked:' + e.name);
""",
server.get_url("/api/data"),
as_expr=False,
)
print(f" fail结果: {blocked}")
page.intercept.stop()
# ==========================================================
# 3) 修改请求头并继续
# ==========================================================
print("\n3. 修改请求头并继续:")
def header_handler(req):
if "/api/headers" in req.url:
# continue_request(headers=...) 会覆盖本次请求头。
req.continue_request(
headers=[
{
"name": "X-Ruyi-Demo",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "yes"},
},
{
"name": "User-Agent",
"value": {"type": "string", "value": "RuyiPage/Example11"},
},
]
)
print(" ✓ 已注入自定义请求头")
else:
req.continue_request()
page.intercept.start(header_handler, phases=["beforeRequestSent"])
headers_json = page.run_js(
"""
return fetch(arguments[0]).then(r => r.json()).catch(e => ({error:String(e)}));
""",
server.get_url("/api/headers"),
as_expr=False,
)
x_header = ""
if isinstance(headers_json, dict):
x_header = headers_json.get("X-Ruyi-Demo") or headers_json.get(
"x-ruyi-demo"
)
print(f" 服务器看到的 X-Ruyi-Demo: {x_header}")
page.intercept.stop()
# ==========================================================
# 4) 无 handler 队列模式
# ==========================================================
print("\n4. 队列模式 wait() 捕获拦截请求:")
# handler=None 表示不在回调里处理,而是进入队列,供 wait() 手动取出。
page.intercept.start(handler=None, phases=["beforeRequestSent"])
page.run_js(
"""
fetch(arguments[0]).catch(() => null);
return 'sent';
""",
server.get_url("/api/data"),
as_expr=False,
)
req = page.intercept.wait(timeout=5)
if req:
print(f" wait捕获: {req.method} {req.url}")
# 队列模式下记得手动继续/中止请求,否则请求会悬挂。
req.continue_request()
else:
print(" ⚠ 未在超时内捕获请求")
page.intercept.stop()
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("✓ 网络拦截测试通过!")
print("=" * 60)
except Exception as e:
print(f"\n✗ 测试失败: {e}")
import traceback
traceback.print_exc()
finally:
try:
page.intercept.stop()
except Exception:
pass
page.wait(1)
page.quit()
server.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_network_intercept()
面向抓包与数据采集诊断的示例,重点不是改包,而是先看清真实页面发出的 POST 请求头和请求体形状。